夏热冬暖地区装配式民用建筑混凝土预制外墙板热工性能分析

随着社会的发展,装配式建筑因建设效率高,对环境污染小等特点而倍受青睐。夏热冬暖地区民用建筑外墙的热工性能要求主要针对隔热,文章分析了装配式建筑外墙采用的混凝土预制墙板的热工性能及复合保温隔热层、隔热涂料加隔热腻子两种措施对其热工性能的改善效果。结果表明：较薄混凝土预制墙板不能满足现行标准的节能和隔热要求,隔热涂料加隔热腻子是适合改善夏热冬暖地区的预制外墙板热工性能的措施。     

夏热冬冷地区近零能耗建筑技术途径探索

近年来近零能耗建筑的关注度愈来愈高,我国在这一领域的探索与实践较多集中于严寒地区与寒冷地区。夏热冬冷地区面积大、人口密集、冬夏两季气候差异大,不足以满足建筑舒适的要求,耗能巨大。如何在这一地区发展近零能耗建筑技术值得探索和研究。文章从被动式节能技术、外围护结构的保温性能、太阳能资源的一体化利用、人的行为特征与被动控制体系等方面出发,探索其在具体案例中的应用。希望这一探索能对近零能耗建筑在夏热冬冷地区的发展提供参考和帮助。     

广州市“十三五”绿色建筑空间分布规划研究

为进一步加强广州市“十三五”期间绿色建筑发展指标的可实施性,提出“一模型、三衔接、三支撑”的方法路径,即构建一个基于广州市城市总体规划的绿色建筑空间分布潜力模型,将绿色建筑发展指标与各区行政主体责任相衔接,强化责任支撑;与城市空间布局及绿色生态示范区建设相衔接,强化空间支撑;与城乡规划体系相衔接,增强规划前置管理,强化管理支撑。该研究丰富了绿色建筑发展规划的内容,为其它城市提供了新视角、新方法。     

扰流板减小低矮房屋屋面风压试验研究

近年来,我国台风灾害频繁,在历次风灾中,大量村镇低矮房屋倒塌破坏是造成生命财产损失的重要原因。在强风中,屋面是低矮房屋最薄弱部分往往最先发生破坏。目前,提高屋面抗风能力的方法主要是增加屋面本身强度和整体性,但其经济成本较高且抗风效果并不理想。针对上述问题,文中提出一种气动抗风方法,在双坡房屋屋面增设扰流板,通过改变房屋气动性能来降低屋面风压,并围绕这一方法开展了风洞试验研究工作。试验结果表明：扰流板可以有效减小双坡房屋屋面风压,尤其对屋面局部极值风压减小效果显著,最大减小幅度可达49%。山墙处扰流板对屋面风压影响最大,其次是屋檐处的扰流板,屋脊处扰流板对屋面风压无显著影响。相对于扰流板宽度与高度,扰流板角度是对屋面风压影响最为明显的几何因素,屋檐处扰流板角度建议值为0?~30?,山墙处扰流板为10?~30?。综合考虑经济与构造措施等因素,扰流板高度建议值为挑檐高度的1/70~1/12,宽度为房屋长度的1/20。最后,根据实验结果给出了安装扰流板结构屋面风压折减系数和相关的设计建议。     

相邻RC框架结构地震碰撞过程模拟与初步分析

相邻建筑物碰撞是指地震作用下其间距无法满足相对位移要求时造成的侧向撞击,常常导致或加剧结构破坏。选取Hertz-damp接触单元模型,推导了考虑碰撞的结构动力方程,模拟了相邻钢筋混凝土（RC）框架结构地震碰撞过程。分析碰撞过程,并利用梁柱单元破坏指数的变化解释了相邻RC框架结构地震碰撞破坏机理,指出地震碰撞破坏作用不完全随防震缝宽度的增加而降低。     

新型透明黏土制配及其物理力学特性研究

基于人工合成透明土材料和PIV技术的可视化模型试验方法是重要的岩土工程测试手段之一,然而,目前已有透明土材料中针对模拟天然黏土的材料仍相对较少。提出以Carbopol~ Ultrez10聚合物(简称U10)、NaOH粉末和纯净水为原材料,碳纳米材料掺入作为示踪粒子制成散斑场,制配一种新型透明黏土材料的技术方案与操作方法。基于调制传递函数(MTF)方法,对新型透明黏土材料的光学透明性进行量化分析,并与已有透明土材料的光学透明性进行对比分析,验证其优越性。基于微型十字板剪切试验、压缩固结试验、渗透试验及热传导试验等室内试验方法,对新型透明黏土材料的物理力学特性进行系统研究,探讨其模拟天然黏土的可行性。研究结果表明:新型透明黏土材料的光学透明厚度可达25～40 cm,较目前已有常规透明土材料的光学透明厚度提高约2～3倍;新型材料表现为中低灵敏性黏土、强度随时间明显增加,强度、压缩固结特性与天然淤泥(尤其是海相淤泥)或泥炭土的性质相近,渗透系数为2×10~(-7)～7×10~(-7)cm/s,热传导系数为0.62～0.71 W·M~(-1)·K~(-1)。     

Seismic behavior of tall buildings using steel–concrete composite columns and shear walls

For the seismic design of tall building structures, the behavior under severe earthquakes should be carefully considered and the upper limit of inter‐story deformations are often defined by the design codes. To improve the performance of structures under severe earthquakes, composite structural members, including steel reinforced column and steel plate reinforced shear wall, are often adopted. In the present work, the seismic behavior of tall buildings using steel–concrete composite columns and shear walls is investigated numerically. Fiber beam–column element models and multilayer shell models are adopted to establish the finite element model of structure, and the material nonlinearities are described by the plasticity and damage models. The accuracy of the developed models is verified by the experimental results of a single shear wall. Systematic numerical simulations are performed for the tall building structures subjected to different earthquakes. The comparative study indicates that the nonlinear redistribution of internal forces plays a very important role for the performance of tall buildings under severe earthquakes.     

Shaking table test and numerical simulation on vibration control effects of TMD with different mass ratios on a super high‐rise structure

In this paper, the influence of mass ratio on the vibration control effects of tuned mass damper (TMD) on a super high‐rise building has been investigated. A 1/45 scaled model of a super high‐rise building was constructed, and the TMD with the mass ratio of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively, was suspended on the top. Shaking table test and the corresponding numerical simulation were carried out to make a further understanding of the damping mechanism. The structural performance with or without TMD was comparatively studied. The results show that larger mass ratio can improve the control effects under frequent earthquake, but the control effects increase little with the increase of mass ratio under rare earthquake due to structural damages, accompanied by stiffness degradation and nonlinear behavior of the main structure. In addition, some suggestions on the mass ratio selection are also proposed to generalize its applications.     

Approximate method of estimating seismic performance of high‐rise buildings with oil‐dampers

When subjected to long‐period ground motions, many existing high‐rise buildings constructed on plains with soft, deep sediment layers experience severe lateral deflection, caused by the resonance between the long‐period natural frequency of the building and the long‐period ground motions, even if they are far from the epicenter. This was the case for a number of buildings in Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka affected by the ground motions produced by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake in Japan. Oil‐dampers are commonly used to improve the seismic performance of existing high‐rise buildings subjected to long‐period ground motion. This paper proposes a simple but accurate analytical method of predicting the seismic performance of high‐rise buildings retrofitted with oil‐dampers installed inside and/or outside of the frames. The method extends the authors' previous one‐dimensional theory to a more general method that is applicable to buildings with internal and external oil‐dampers installed in an arbitrary story. The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical calculations using a model of a high‐rise building with and without internal and external oil‐dampers. The proposed method is effective in the preliminary stages of improving the seismic performance of high‐rise buildings.     

屡得感悟挚贺寄畅老人生生不息

逢寄畅园建园490周年,颇有感发,遂浮想命笔,以表挚贺。寄畅园为明代遗构,布局自然简约,景面文心,是鲜有的“虽由人作,宛自天开”的园林。通过明旨、相地、问名、布局、理微、余韵、借景等方面分析寄畅园之造园理法,并着重分析寄畅园筑山、理水之要点。